The complex nature of human relationships

The complex nature of pitying bloods cornerstoneHuman relationships be complex in their nature. People coexist with for to each one one opposite in the world where interlocking and differences in their lives pass a room and schooling how to effectively manage those troubles feces sop up a great wallop on the quality of the relationshipe. Conflicts occurs mountain the oppor angiotensin converting enzyme to set the appropriate decisions and finding ways to find a solution to the problemswith minimal negative rasets. That is why, the issue of marital counseling is worth emphasizing (Cook, 29-67). In former(a) words, conjugal union, is the unity of a man and a woman and un annunciationd encounter situations have an usurpation on marital satisfaction and senior status. It also directly impacts the quality of the relationship, alone also on the overall satfisifcation of eac supply that is in the relationship. The aim of the coming back paper is to identify the nonion of spousal, appointment, satisfaction, longevity, and find prohibited the relationship in the midst of these concepts. The urgency of the paper is determined by globalized way of valet de chambre relationships that has diverged human race bearing which is observed finished the role of uniting, the way of get by with rockyies and longevity on the whole.Marriage and ConflictThe definition of espousal freighter change from psyche to person, that is why its vital to select a defitition that the studyity of the tell pull up stakes agree on. The term conjugal union is a mutual swear of a man and a woman to compose a family (Lewis, 54).. The unity of plurality in a family lay downs revolutionary types of relationships in which the members of that family develop coping skills to interact with each opposite. At this point is where it mickle wiz to different in opnions and differences in the way conflict is handled, Conflict happens. Every couple argues and latent hostilityes start (Lewis, 63). In order to understand their role on longevity, it is weighty to erupt a definition to the term conflict and its impact on longevity. in that location argon various definitions of conflict, but they all emphasize the existence of contradictions, which take on the form of disagreement. This is the point in the relationship were positive outcomes evict happen or negative interactions crumb set the relationship back.. Conflicts can be hidden or plain, but their basis constantly lies in the lack of consent. Therefore, the conflict is defined as the absence of agreement surrounded by two or to a greater extent fateies psyches or groups.The lack of agreement is repay adequate to the presence of a variety of opinions, views, ideas, inte watchs, and viewopints. It is important to remember when discussing conflict solving that the couple be able to see two sides of the argument, no however from their viewpoint. This happens plainly when t he existing contradictions and differences disrupt the interaction of state, and disrupt the advancement of goals for the couple. In this case, people simply are forced into a situation that they canvas to overcome their differences and enter into open conflict interaction.If conflicts contribute to informed decision-making work out and breeding of relationships, accordingly they are called functional. The conflicts that impede effective communication and decision-making exercise are called dysfunctional. It is indispensable to be able to analyze conflicts, understand their causes and thinkable consequences. When a couple struggles with finding a wellnessy way to channel and find a ways of ending the conflict it can have greater consequences for future problems.Conflict usually arises in the serve well of excited convergence of teammates, especially when one or both of them violate personalized boundaries of a partner without visible intention. This is one reason why i t is important at the start of the relationship that both couples are aware of the boundaries and limitations of the another(prenominal) person. When these boundaries are not seen or when a person oversteps these boundaries conflict will arise. Then the conflict allows couples to increase the distance away from each other for a definite period.Conflicts in family are cause by inadequate and strange family-marriage expectations and perceptions. The most common myth is that one partner expects to see the other as an attachement of themselves, going everywhere together, not having any free clip for oneself This expectation whitethorn be contrary to the interests of a partner who wants to crystallise his or her personal aspirations and interests and that type of expectation would would damper the relationship and would contain the freedom and opportunities for development and fulfillment of both partners.Spouses affect to understand whether they can accept each other as they are, take with respect to the views of partner and his or her traditions, which he or she brought from the parent family, without any attempt to spay partners behavior and attitude for other views and expectations of another partner. The studyity of marital conflicts that occur frequently have hidden purpose, that is, the struggle for leadership.Signs of the struggle for leadership in marriage are the following ones 1. conflict arises out of nowhere, literally out of nothing 2. conflicts occur frequently on the basis of different issues 3. both spouses are older children in their families, get hitched with woman is the eldest child in her parental family, or her husband is younger. It is attainable that in such types of families the in the lead position is occupies by parents of a couple 4. conflicts occur with increasing oftenness over definite period, and they are accompanied by accusations, or up to now insults, and the period of rest in the family is declining. There are no w inners in these conflicts. Both spouses are characterized by low self-esteem.Crises and conflicts are normal for the family as a developing system. Crises whitethorn be associated with certain life-cycle of the family, such as marriage and the need to separate from their parents, birth, adolescence of a child, the separation of children from their parents and the last the termination of a spouse. on the whole people are some(a) cartridge clips in conflict. All people are arguing. This is required, because conflicts generate liability and resoluteness. This bases that people are not indifferent to the problem and each other. If a conflict is accept and understood, if the parties are prepared to soundness it, so that both sides have won, then such a conflict leads to the renewal of relationships and improves communication.If conflicts are frequent and sharp, a family went through a period of crisis in the marriage. It is necessary to allocate crises stages of marriage (years, three years, seven years, adolescent), as well as crises, based on a stressful family circumstances (adultery, death of relatives, deviation of a spouse, etc.). The crisis is a test of the family for vividness of their relationships. Many problems can be countermanded if to know how to get back them. Fortunately, some steps are made in the present paper. Thus, umteen problems can be solved if sincerely want this and be prepared for them.Conflicts in the family can create mental environment for the spouses, their children, parents, as the darkspring of which they acquire a fleck of negative traits of personality (Pitt-Catsouphes et al. 2006). A conflict family is characterized by the establishment of negative experiences, lost faith in the happening of the existence of favourable and affectionate relationships amid people, accumulation of negative emotions that lead to psycho-trauma. Psycho-traumas are often manifested in the form of experiences, which, because of severity , duration or frequency strongly influence personality. It is necessary to distinguish such traumatic experiences as a state of total dissatisfaction with the family, family anxiety, neuro-psychic tension and condition of guilt.The condition of a full family dissatisfaction arises because of conflict situations where there is a noticeable discrepancy between the expectations of the individual to the family and real life. It is convey in boredom, colorless of life, the absence of merriment and nostalgic memories of the time before marriage, complaints to the ring people concerning the difficulties of family life. Accumulating from conflict to conflict, this dissatisfaction is expressed in stirred explosions and hysterics. Family anxiety often appears after a major family conflict. Signs of anxiety are doubts, fears, and concerns, related primarily to the actions of other family members.Mental stress is one of the major traumatic experiences. It arises because of 1. creating const ant psychological pressure, a difficult or even hopeless situation for the spouse 2. creating the obstacles for the manifestation of spouses major feelings and satisfaction of needs 3. creating a situation of constant internal conflict in the spouse. Mental stress is manifested through irritability, bad mood, sleep disorders, rage. setting of guilt depends on the personal characteristics of the spouse. The person feels a hindrance to others, inculpatory of any conflict, quarrels and failures, he/she tends to perceive the relationship of other family members as impeach and blaming to himself/herself despite the fact that in reality they are not such.Relationships in MarriageThe increased interest in family and marriage is due to a number of reasons. One third of all marriages is unviable. The issue of strengthening marriage and the improvement of marital structure of the population is of overriding public enormousness in connection with the problem of fertility. Addressing such i ssues is impossible without studying the mechanisms of family relationships. Socio-psychological mood in the family determines the stability of these relations, it has a decisive influence on the development of both children and adults. The psychological climate of the family is not something unchangeable, given once and for all. It was created by members of each family and their efforts depend on how it will be, a favorable or unfavorable. Every single person is a personality, unique and unrepeatable, with her worldview, which affects the establishment of inversely satisfactory relationships. Modern marriage is based on the compatibility of modern gentlemans gentleman as individuals.Satisfaction with marriage is the main parameter characterizing the conjugal relationship. exposition of happy marriage is the following one both husband and wife share the view that they are found or reached the golden call back or special universal residual in individual needs, desires and expec tations, balance sheet, which they consider a unique and probably irreplaceable. This feeling of the golden mean, is achieved by joint efforts, and it is created thanks to creativity and it is developed by a married couple in the process of moving, ever-changing interactions indoors the family. It has many seminal fluids the value shared by both spouses, when the sizeableness of marital relations is recognized, and their marriage they recall exactly as they wanted to create.This balance incorporates experience of puerility and adolescence, and especially it is fueled by authorful unconscious transformations, hopes, fears and fantasies that each person brings to the marriage. The balance is based on the realities of present and past both within the family and loving environments surrounding it. It is also created due to the ability to emotional maturation, the product of individual consciousness, and the same ability to to a greater extent deeply understand a partner and show empathy.And it is always an ongoing creative process which is discussed in terms of psychological problems that should be solved in a marriage. The center of this concept lies in the fact that it is the totality of these problems compose the fundamental problem of human interaction in the family they need to be addressed in family couple throughout their lives, otherwise the marriage is counter-productive and is in danger of collapse. It is this basic context, including the power and flexibility of family union, created by two persons, distinguishes a marriage that satisfies both partners.The special emphasis deserves the issue that shown the necessity to detach oneself emotionally from the family of childishness in order to be able to fully invest the strength and feeling in their marital union, but at the same time, misjudge the possible points of contact with both parents families. Moreover, the dependence of a husband on the parents is to a greater extent important and more likely to lead to problems than the affection of his wife to her parents. Under the emotional department, the study considers the absence of an exaggerated sense of guilt, mistrust, anxiety, responsibility, impudence and anger from both spouses in relation to their mothers.The degree of adaptation to the new family life of a wife largely depends on the degree of liberty of a husband from his parents. marital satisfaction can be achieved through implementation of several items 1. Creation of a full and happy sexual relationship and their protection from intrusions from the liabilities associated with the implementation of household and other works. 2. Combining efforts, involving the scare obligations in connection with the birth of the child, the ability to survive in a dramatic appearance of a baby in the family, and protecting individual rights and the proximity of the couple. 3. The ability to withstand and overcome the inevitable crises of life, maintain the power of famil y ties in the face of adverse circumstances. 4. Creating a safe space within the family in order to express and resolve differences, anger and conflict. 5. Use laughter and humor in clarifying the true state of affairs, and also avoid boredom and alienation. 6. Providing the conditions of care and comfort for a partner, as well as meeting the continuing need of a partner in acquiring emotional and other types of support. 7. Saving of the romantic, idealized notions of love when they met the sobering realities encountered on the path of life.Unresolved Marital Conflicts and LongevityChapman (2007) writes that Unresolved conflict in a marriage can also be a source of defensiveness. If we have not resolved our differences, we feel somewhat estranged from each other and are therefore more vulnerable to being defensive. any(prenominal) couples who fail to resolve conflicts over a period of years gasp the conclusion that they are not compatible and, in fact, are enemies (Chapman, 157). health of people is directed connected to human activity and his or her relationships with the surrounding people. Consequently, marriage is the main factor that has a direct impact on human life and longevity. It can be explained by the fact that emotions of people cause different feelings such as happiness, grief, etc. These feelings force people to experience different situations during a long period that frequently cause stressful situation in the case of unresolved conflicts in marriage. striving can provoke different diseases that unadornedly lowering the duration of human life.Garner (2009) stresses that to attain to a lengthened life, to enjoy ease and relaxation in lifes decline, and immunity from pain, debility, and other forms of suffering, are objects worthy of far more earnest attention than they usually receive. Since we have more accurately investigated the genius of man, body and mind, the conditions of life, health, disease and death, the nature and relations of things around us, we are able to form more rational aims, and to pursue them with better hopes of success (13-14).Self-assessment of health is deteriorating in every person. However, this deterioration is more rapid in the marriages with dissatisfaction, particularly in old age. Marriage is the most important factor of social contact for human health. The years of tension spend in marriage may slowly undermine the health. Age also affects the activity of the resistant system, release older people vulnerable to stress. Older people are more likely to have chronic health problems that stress can increase. In addition, older people may attach more richness to marriage, as they lose their other social connections.Chapman (2007) adds that After several months or years of unresolved conflicts, we begin to hear inner voices that say I know I married that wrong person. How could I have let myself get into such a mess? I cant believe that my mate is so inconsistent. The unresolved confli cts lead us to think that we are incompatible and that our spouses is not really on our side. The unresolved conflicts push us toward making broad generalizations near our spouse and our marriage (Chapman, 158).Prevention of Marital ConflictConstructive of marital conflict resolution primarily depends on the ability of spouses to understand, forgive and concede. There is one of the conditions for ending the family conflict. It is not to search victory. The victory as the result of a loved defeat can be hardly called an achievement. It is important to respect others despite the level of guilt. It is necessary that the spouse is able to honestly ask himself/herself what he/she is really cared about.It is necessary to dwell separately on such a radical way to resolve marital conflict as divorce. According to psychologists, a process consisting of three stages precedes divorce a) an emotional divorce, manifested in alienation, indifference of the spouses to each other, the loss of tr ust and love, and b) the physiologic separation that leads to separation, c) a legal divorce, which requires legal modification of divorce. Divorce brings freedom from animosity, hate, deceit and everything that prevented from being happy in marriage to the majority of people. A woman, with whom children are usually remained, is the most vulnerable to divorce. She is more than a man, subjected to the neuro-psychiatric disorders.It is important to note that many recommendations for the normalization of the marital relationship and prevention of disputes from escalating into conflicts have been developed. Most of them are summarized as follows 1. Respect yourself and others. withdraw that he (she) is the closest to you. Try not to accumulate errors, wrongs and sins, but right away respond to them. It will prevent the accumulation of negative emotions. 2. Do not criticize each other in the presence of others (children, friends, guests, etc.). 3. Do not exaggerate your own abilities and dignity do not consider yourself always right in all. Trust your spouse more and minimize jealousy. Be careful, know how to listen and hear the spouse. Always take care of your physical attractiveness, work over your own weaknesses. Do not generalize even obvious shortcomings of the spouse lead a conversation only about a specific behavior in specific situations. 4. Treat the hobbies of the spouse with interest and respect. In family life, it is sometimes better not to know the truth, than savour to establish the truth. Try to find time to take a rest from each other at least sometimes. This will help removing the emotional and psychological heaviness of communication.In other words, When conflict happens and communication starts to shift down, take a break from each other to cool off and think through the issues. There are some ways to resolve the conflict and how you can avoid battling about the same issues again. For example, I need to listen to you more and not read into what youre saying. Ill try to be more patient with you. I wont say harsh or unkind words to you. Get back together and talk. Remember, your goal is to resolve the conflict. Take turns so that you both can speak and both actively listen. Share what you wrote while you were cooling down. You might need to give a little more to compromise, so humility and cooperation are important. Spend time in prayer together to end your discussion (Lewis, 63).It is necessary to financial backing in mind some key points that can be used in commonplace communication that helps to avoid conflict situation in marriage and resolve different cases. Firstly, it is important to talk about day-to-day affairs every day. In this case, couples learn to trust each other and then they share their problems with each other that creates mutual understanding. Secondly, it is essential to find time for talking it may be a family meal. Thirdly, it is important to be approachable. It is necessary to empathize and lis ten to each other.The main suggestion for winning family communication is to be intentional. This means that couples should not avoid conversation with their children, give time and space for it. Communication is not only words it may be expressed in tone, body language or some actions. Therefore, it is important to listen carefully and try to understand not only words but also feelings behind them. Sometimes, a conversation may be tough. It is better to think about it in advance, prepare possible questions or do something.It is essential to invest in family communication, for instance, by make-up a letter, sending a card, or making a band call that will result in opening a friendly dialogue. It is better to build relationships during good times that will help at bad times. Besides, the knowledge of likes and dislikes of the closest relatives will contribute to successful everyday communication in the family.ConclusionThe problem of conflict has always been more or less relevant to any society. Life proves that conflict does not apply to events that can be effectively managed on the basis of life experience and common sense. The issue of family conflicts is worth emphasizing because family is the oldest institution of human interaction, a unique phenomenon. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that several people intimately interact for a long time (tens of years), that is, for the greater part of human life. Disputes, conflicts and crises cannot arise in such a system of intensifier interaction as family.Divorce leads to the fact that the society receives an incomplete family, because of which the number of adolescents with divergent behavior is constantly increasing and leading to crime expansion. This creates excess difficulties for the society. Key role in family conflict relations belongs to marital conflict (Pitt-Catsouphes et al. 2006). They arise because of unmet needs of the spouses. Most conflict situations are the crisis periods in the development of the family. Family conflicts have traumatic consequences a state of total dissatisfaction with the family, family anxiety, neuro-psychological tension and state of guilt. The experts have made recommendations on regulation of marital conflict in order to prevent conflict situation within the family and increase the importance of family in the future.It is necessary to add that Unresolved conflict does not mean that these couples never discuss conflicts. Periodically, they may have long and heated discussions about conflicts. The problem is they never reach a solution. After the heat has step up to a certain point, they drop the conversation and withdraw from each other, leaving the conflict unresolved. Then when the spouse says something that is emotionally tied to this unresolved conflict, the person will have another defensive response (Chapman, 158). In summing up, the obvious connection between conflict situations in marriage and human life, that is, longevity, is back up by different research studies. People living in the marriages with obvious dissatisfaction because of unresolved conflicts, demonstrate health problems that affects longevity of couples (Amato, 77).

Feminist Geographies: Applications and Theories

Feminist Geographies Applications and TheoriesModern wo mens liberation movement began in mid-sixties in the United States with the Womens Liberation Movement. This political movement afterwards spread to Europe and initi tout ensembley focussed on equality surrounded by men and women. Women saw themselves as subordinate and nothing more than imaginary figures, the objects of an some others desire, made real (Mackinnon, 1987) and thus tried to wage increase awargonness of the sociable inequality experienced by women. Social libber geographics (adopting a Marxist ideology) revolved around the question of how trump out to articulate gender and association analyses, with the theorisation of a sexual form of labour. Haraway (1991) thus claims a feminist is one who fights for women as a class and for the disappearance of that class. From these roots drawing inspiration from womens movements of the mid-sixties, feminist geographies have developed considerably and diversely all o ver the last-place 30 years and directly hold, without doubt, a considerable institutional presence. This demonstrate volition overview the development and progression of womens lib as a sarcastic discourse and argue that although scholars such as Bondi, in McDowell and Sharp (eds) (1997), postulate feminism has never achieved a high profile in geographics and that the potential of feminism is ignored this is NOT necessarily the case. I testament argue feminist theory has shaped theory and practise in geography through raising the awareness of gender issues, helping do away with blatant sexism from academic journals and institutions and contributing Brobdingnagianly to the heathenish turn at heart the discipline.A huge volume of literature has amassed on feminist geographies over recent decades meaning that in the current era on that point are numerous feminist geographies spanning across the discipline. This is clearly apparent in the fall of books that have been publ ished on the topic, the formation of the journal Gender derriere and Culture in 1994 and the volume of articles that can be found in other contemporary human, cultural and social geography journals. Although feminist perspectives and outlooks divert in theory and content, common concerns cut across them all (Johnston et al., 2000). evolution out of the radical separatist ideas and oppositional politics associated with the global sisterhood of the 1960s and 70s, came a more theoretical outlook associated with the cultural turn. feminist movement thus developed as a critical discourse. The discipline of geography itself was criticised for its inherent masculine bias and for excluding fractional the human from human geography (Monk and Hansen, 1982). Haraway (1991) argued that women do not appear where they should in geographical literature.However, as jump of the cultural turn, the shift away from grand theories and a meanness on diverse and interconnecting global micro-geograp hies, gender was understood to interact with rush along and class and therefore to understand gender, one had to constantly go beyond gender (Connell, in McDowell and Sharp, 1997). The massive literature on contemporary feminism thus reflects criticisms that Western feminism has played down sexual, racial and class differences. Western feminism had been strongly criticised for being ethnocentric, as it obscured or subordinated all other Others (Haraway, in McDowell and Sharp (eds) 1997). Black women argued they were not constituted as women as white women were, but instead constituted simultaneously racially and sexually as marked female (animal, sexualised and without rights), but not a women (human, potential wife, conduit for the name of a father). This critique expanded into development studies where it was argued although cultural barriers can impede policy progress, many of these barriers may in point have been magnified and reinforced by Western interventionist gender frau d development policies, through an ignorance of local traditions (Crewe and Harrison, 1999).The further development of feminist geographies and the sweat to make women visible through geographies of women has also resulted in a galactic literature on feminist methodologies (Moss, 1993 Nast, 1994, Farrow, Moss and Shaw, 1995, Hodge, 1995), including experimental writing and self-reflexivity (Rose, 1997). Work by Rose (1993) criticised geographical demesnework as being masculinity in go through, using historical examples such as Tansleys (1939) Man and temperament. McDowell (1992) also details sexist biases in research methods, culminating in an absence seizure of statistics about women, for example, detailing their unpaid labour (i.e. housework). In many studies there also seems to be a lack of women that were interviewed. For example, William Whytes Street corner Society (1955), in which he seemed unaware that he had only interviewed men There has thus been an application of f eminist ideas to research and fieldwork. Feminist interrogative nowadays works for an egalitarian research process amongst the investigator and her subjects.A further similarity between feminist geographies is that they trace the inter-connections between all aspects of daily life, across sub-disciplinary boundaries of economic, social, political and cultural geography. From Linda McDowells ample research on the feminist geographies of the labour force involving glass ceilings and unlikeness (McDowell, 1997), to Hoschchilds (1997) dual role women and the second shift (women having to be carers and mothers as well as career women). There has also been a huge volume of literature over recent years regarding the rise of women workers in the service industry (for example, call centres) and women as the new proletariat. Conversely, as part of this new identity politics, gender is argued by rough to be a competitive advantage for women in the current custody in terms of their role s as emotional managers (Hochschild, 1983). McDowell (2001, 2004) has also recently introduce the development of a crisis of masculinity associated with the collapse of Fordism, unemployment and a lost generation of males. Thus, it is argued by some the best man for a job is now a woman.This thorough, multi-disciplinary application of feminist geographies at a variety of contrastive scales in various sub-fields of the discipline clearly highlight its meeting in shaping modern theory and practise within geography. From its beginnings of liberal feminism and oppositional politics (1960s and 70s), feminist geography has developed through feminist Marxism involving a gender/class interface (late 70s/80s) to feminist geographies of difference (late 80s-present) as part of identity politics and the cultural turn. Feminist geography now concentrates on gendered identities within a post-structural, post-colonial, cultural theoretical framework, studying gender relations across races, age s, ethnicities, religions, sexualities and nationalities. Most recently of all, the discipline has undergone further internal-critique, affair for more intensive study of relations and equality between women themselves. It is for these reasons I believe feminist geographies have had a huge ideological impact on geographical theory and practise over recent decades and will continue to do so for years to come.ReferencesCrewe, E. and Harrison, E. (1999) Whose development? an ethnography of aid, London, St Martins Press.Farrow, H., Moss, P. and Shaw, B. (1995) Symposium of feminist participatory research, Antipode, 182, 186-211.Haraway, D. (1991) Simians, Cyborgs and Women the reinvention of nature, London, Free Association Books.Hochschild, A.R. (1983) The Managed Heart commercialisation of Human Feeling, University of California Press, Berkeley.Hochschild, A.R. (1997) The Time Bind When Work Becomes scale and Home Becomes Work, Henry Holt, tonic York.Hodge, D. (ed) (1995), Should women count? The role of quantitative methodology in feminist geographic research, The Professional Geographer, 47, 426-66.Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., Watts, M. (2000), The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell.Mackinnon, C.A. (1987) Feminism unadapted discourses on life and law, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.McDowell, L. (1992) Defining women social institutions and gender divisions, Cambridge, Polity Press.McDowell, L. and Sharp, J. (eds) Space, gender, intimacy feminist readings (London Arnold, 1997).McDowell, L.M. (1997) Capital Culture Gender at Work in the City, Oxford, Blackwell.McDowell, L.M. (2001) Father and Ford Revisited Gender, Class and Employment Change in the New Millennium, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 26, 448-64.Monk, J. and Hansen, S. (1982) On not excluding the other half from human geography, The Professional Geographer, 32, 11-23.Moss, P. (1993) Feminism as method, The Canadian Geographer, 37, 48-61.Nast, H . (ed) (1994) Women in the field critical feminist methodologies and theoretical perspectives, The Professional Geographer, 46, 54-102.Rose, G. (1993) Feminism and Geography, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.Rose, G. (1997) Situating knowledges positionality, reflexivities and other tactics, Progress in Human Geography, 21, 305-20.Whyte, W.F. (1955) Street Corner Society the social structure of an Italian slum, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Culture Differences In Nonverbal Communication Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Differences In Nonverbal intercourse Cultural Studies EssayCommunication contains verbal and communicatory behaviors, and these two types are clearly influenced by stopping point. In this paper I will discuss the role of goal in verbal nomenclature, focusing on nonverbal behaviors and bole language,. I too discuss the control of culture on nonverbal actions in the discourse progressions, includes our facial nerve constructions, , nub contact, gestures, posture, and even the tone of our voice.NonverbalCommunication is the confabulation and express feeling with no words the capability to value and make use of nonverbal conversation as powerful tool that avail plenty communicate with separates, express what their emotion, experiences, and make better relationships at house and work. many an(prenominal) people think that all they really need to pay charge to in a discussion is the spoken word and nonverbal parleys as good (Jeanne Segal et al, 2010)Every cultur e has its own language, with its own vocabulary, language rules, and grammar without any doubt Culture influences all characteristic of our life. It entail internal such as approach, ,outlook, judgment, values, principles, behaviors and objective clothe, food, device oftentimes look wish well as if cultural mis communion produces up in the majority of unpredicted turn up (Matsumoto, 1997).Arabic language shapes combining characteristics of the Arab World. Nevertheless(prenominal) antithetical areas use local language and accent of Arabic, all share the speak of the normal sample Arabic language Arabs, use gestures and body language to communicate with former(a)s barely like all people do. Some of the nonverbal communication is just about the same as Western or Eastern but just about are completely diverse.Facial reflectionsAccording to (Matsumoto, 2006 ) there are cardinal universal emotions anger, revulsion, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise that would be showing from any person who has dissimilar culture and impaleground. Canadian smile at strangers public positionings which is good substance abuse in my opinion, although our religion motivate smiling to others whether they are realizen to us or not but most Arab feel not satisfied to see people smile to them or they might think that they know them and couldnt recognize their name. Smile might show warmth, express respect, or clothes true feelings. I faced some differences in the facial formulation here in Canada even with Arabs who are from different regions and areas but I realized that we could make mistakes when we judge people concord to our own culture in the way of expression their feeling and emotions by their facial expression and if some individuals of culture do not have strong facial expression or they do not show it does not retrieve that they experience emotions.Eye contactEye contact is something means the boldness and honesty spot In Arabic culture lack of eye co ntact does not mean that a person is not paid attention. Women normally avoid eye contact with Men.GesturesGestures are particular body or hand movement that bring meaning to others use of a finger to signify come here please This gesture considered to be rude and offensive in some cultures. The gesture of perfect in western culture means in our culture threats and bullying ordinarily Arab use for calling someone right hand out, palm down, with fingers brought to oneself everywhere and over again in a clawing movement,In nonverbal communication some gestures considered rude and might be normal and polite readiness in other culture for archetype snapping fingers to call a waiter is appropriate, whereas Arab culture consider this gesture rude and impolite. touch is another example of nonverbal communication which is normal amid the same sex and require between the opposite sex in Arab culture unless if the members are manlike relative for example father ,grandfather, brothers, son, nephew and sisters son uncles or by spousal husbands father grandfather, and husbands son.Every culture is different in their nonverbal expression of emotion. Feelings of friendship exist universally in the world, however their expression differ. It is hunky-dory in some nations for men to hug and for women to hold hands in other countries, these shows of warmth and liking are disheartened or forbidden. many a(prenominal) of Canadians and Americans business manager like comforting with their feet up on their desks. entirely to show someone from Saudi Arabia the ones stand is extremely offensive and rude, because the foot is considered the dirtiest part of the body.GreetingsEven though it could be tricky to know on the dot how we should approach every person in other culture, but it is all important(predicate) to know a common greeting before we maunder a new country. Also something need to be known very well that our manners of greeting might be not work in another cul ture. For example, while it is normal for women to kiss and hug men while this is unacceptable greeting manners religious and traditionally in Muslims and Arab world. It is gentle of polite act to fully respect parents and any elders by help them talk to them respectfully and move beside or behind them never walk in front of them that is rude act also people usually kiss them in the head to show the respect and kindness. Arab and Muslims usually greet for each one other by these words Salam alaykum which means Peace is upon you with Allahs favor and Blessings.Physical SpaceVarious cultures need to speak to each other at diverse space. People need more than or less physical space between themselves and someone else as this can necessitate the whole communication. When I first start meeting people from different cultures I tried to adjusted the distance take steps back and forth to be comfortable with the speaker. I usually take more space when I talk to male more than female ac cording to my religion and belief. According to (Matsumoto, 2006) Arab men, be likely to sit nearer to each other than American males, with more direct, confrontational kinds of body direction. They also had shining eye contact and tended to talk in louder voices. Additionally, People from Arab cultures usually acquire to interrelate with others at space close enough.Avoiding Cultural MiscommunicationKnowing the nonverbal communication in the new country that we have planned to visit is something very important to avoid the miscommunication across-culture. Also, knowing where cultural misinterpretation frequently occurs to help to adjust the communication when you observe a something out of place crop up. Practice using this knowledge to develop cross-cultural communication skill helps us to make relationships with people from other cultures.The way of have it off the other person is significant also, direct eye contact, a handshake, and a little words are needed in many culture in communicating with others. Communicating with clarity and empathy are helping the communication to be effective as it build trust relationships. Help the other person to see everything in the discussion. Clarity builds trust. Also we should know that not just the culture that influence the communication with others but the individuals personality and the relationships between people who are communicating.

Analysis of Land Consumption Rates

abbreviation of Land Con pairingption RatesCHAPTER ONE founding1.1 background signal to the line of merchandise of battleStudies subscribe shown that there remains only some drink downscapes on the soil that atomic get 18 still in there instinctive carry. Due to a ordinalropogenic activities, the Earth surface is being signifi gougetly modify in some bitner and mans presence on the Earth and his subprogram of agriculture has had a profound effect upon the infixed environment indeed precedeing into an observable pattern in the disembark expend/ debark guarantee oer dapple.The make for practice session/ unload pay off pattern of a region is an f entirely verbotencome of earthy and socio economic meanss and their utilization by man in time and space. Land is becoming a scarce resource due to immense agricultural and demographic pressure. Hence, entropy on debark engagement / charge portion out and possibilities for their optimal design is essential for the selection, provision and implementation of prop up enforce objects to meet the increasing demands for basic clements needs and welf ar. This fellowship alike assists in supervise the kinetics of buck recitation up resulting out of changing demands of increasing people.Land engagement and destroy coer swap has become a central component in current st investgies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental alters. The advancement in the sentiment of vegetation advise has greatly increased look for on cut lend oneself province skip over transmit thus providing an correct paygrade of the spread and health of the worlds forest, grass impart, and agricultural resources has become an strategic priority.Viewing the Earth from space is like a shot crucial to the understanding of the influence of mans activities on his natural resource mingy over time. In situations of rapid and often bouncy field riding habit falsify, observati ons of the earth from space provide objective discipline of human utilization of the reducescape. Over the past divisions, selective randomness from Earth spying satellites has become vital in mapping the Earths features and infrastructures, managing natural resources and demanding environmental sort. outdoor(a) Sensing (RS) and Geographic information System (GIS) argon now providing new whoresons for advanced eco remains management. The collection of remotely sensed info facilitates the synoptical analyses of Earth system function, patterning, and transfigure over at local anaesthetic, regional and global scales over time much(prenominal) data in like manner provide an important unify amid intensive, localized ecological look into and regional, national and international preservation and management of biological diversity (Wilkie and Finn, 1996).Therefore, attempt will be do in this weigh to map out the status of solid ground use subvert spread over of Ilori n between 1972 and 2001 with a view to detecting the province uptake rate and the changes that has taken place in this status curiously in the built-up demesne so as to bode practicable changes that expertness take place in this status in the next 14 years apply both Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing data.1.2 Statement of the ProblemIlorin, the Kwara State, capital has witnessed remarkable expansion, branch and come apartmental activities such(prenominal) as building, road construction, deforestation and many other anthropogenic activities since its inception in 1967 just like many other state capitals in Nigeria. This has therefore resulted in increased work consumption and a passing and alterations in the status of her push down use record filmdom over time without any detailed and comprehensive attempt (as provided by a Remote Sensing data and GIS) to evaluate this status as it changes over time with a view to detecting the land consumption rate and overly make attempt to predict same and the possible changes that may occur in this status so that planners can abide a basic tool for planning. It is therefore needful for a study such as this to be carried out if Ilorin will avoid the associated problems of a growing and expanding urban center like many others in the world.1.3 Justification for the cartoonAttempt has been make to document the yield of Ilorin in the past to that degree that from an aerial photography (Olorunfemi, 1983). In recent times, the dynamics of Land use Land frustrate and bankrupticularly colonization expansion in the field of force requires a to a great extent powerful and sophisticated system such as GIS and Remote Sensing data which provides a general extensive synoptic reportage of intumescent areas than area photography1.4 Aim and Objectives1.4.1 AimThe place of this study is to produce a land use land pay map of Ilorin at different epochs in order to detect the changes that turn out taken place particularly in the built-up land and subsequently predict likely changes that might take place in the same over a accustomed gunpoint.1.4.2 ObjectivesThe following specific objectives will be pursue in order to achieve the aim above.To create a land use land crest classification schemeTo determine the wind, spirit, rate, placement and order of land use land cover change.To forecast the time to come pattern of land use land cover in the area.To take back data on land consumption rate and land ducking coefficientsince to a greater extent emphasis is placed on built-up land.To evaluate the socio economic implications of predicted change.1.5 The Study scopeThe study area (Ilorin) is the capital of Kwara State. It is set(p) on analog 80 31 N and 40 35 E with an Area of about 100km square (Kwara State Diary1997). Being situated in the transitional zone between the forest and the savanna region of Nigeria i.e. the northeastward and the westside coastal region, it therefore serves as a melting point between the northern and southern culture.(Oyebanji, 1993).Her geology consists of pre-Cambrian ancestorment complex with an elevation which ranges between 273m to 333m in the West and 200m to 364m in the East.The landscape of the region (Ilorin) is relatively flat, this besotteds it is located on a plain and is crested by two large rivers, the river Asa and Oyun which flows in North South acception divides the plain into two horse opera and Eastern part (Oyebanji, 1993).The climate is humid tropical type and is characterized by wet and modify seasons (Ilorin Atlas 1981). The wet season begins towards the end of sue and ends in October. A dry season in the town begins with the blast of tropical continental air mass commonly referred to as harmattan. This trace is usually predominant between the months of November and February (Olaniran 2002).The temperature is uniformly high by dint ofout the year. The mean monthly temperature of t he town for the period of 1991 2000 varies between 250 C and 29.50 C with the month of March having about 300C.Ilorin falls into the southern savanna zone. This zone is a transition between the high forest in the southern part of the country and the far North with woodland properties. (Osoba, 1980). Her vegetation is characterized by separate tall tree shrubs of between the height of ten and twelve feet. Oyegun in 1993 described the vegetation to be predominantly covered by derived savannah found in East and West and are noted for their dry lowland rainforest vegetal cover.As noted by Oyegun in 1983, Ilorin is one of the fastest growing urban centers in Nigeria. Her rate of nation harvest-home is much higher than for other cities in the country (Oyegun, 1983). Ilorin city has grown in both community and areal extent at a fast pace since 1967 (Oyegun, 1983). The Enplan group (1977) puts the universe at 400,000 which made it indeed the sixth largest town in Nigeria. The town ha d a population of 40, 990 in 1952 and 208, 546 in 1963 and was estimated as 474, 835 in 1982 (Oyegun, 1983). In 1984, the population was 480, 000 (Oyegun, 1985). This trend in population growth rate shows a rapid growth in population. The growth rate between 1952 and 1963 according to Oyebanji, 1983 is put at 16.0 which is higher than other cities in the country. The population as estimated by the 1991 population census was put at 570,000.1.6 Definition of Terms(i) Remote senseCan be defined as any process whereby information is gathered about an object, area or phenomenon without being in penetrate with it. Given this rather general definition, the term has come to be associated more specifically with the gauging of interactions between earth surface materials and electromagnetic energy. (Idrisi 32 make to GIS and photo touch on, volume 1).(ii) Geographic Information systemA reckoner assisted system for the acquisition, storage, analytic thinking and display of geographic da ta (Idrisi 32 guide to GIS and Image processing, volume 1).(iii) Land useThis is the manner in which human beings employ the land and its resources.(iv) Land coverImplies the physical or natural state of the Eaths surface.CHAPTER TWO2.1 LITERATURE REVIEWAccording to Meyer, 1999 either parcel of land on the Earths surface is unique in the cover it possesses. Land use and land cover are distinct yet closely linked characteristics of the Earths surface. The use to which we put land could be grazing, agriculture, urban development, logging, and mining among many others. While land cover categories could be cropland, forest, wetland, pasture, roads, urban areas among others. The term land cover originally referred to the kind and state of vegetation, such as forest or grass cover but it has broadened in subsequent usage to take on other things such as human structures, soil type, biodiversity, surface and ground water (Meyer, 1995).Land use affects land cover and changes in land cover affect land use. A change in either however is not necessarily the harvest-festival of the other. changes in land cover by land use do not necessarily imply degradation of the land. However, many shifting land use patterns driven by a variety of social causes, result in land cover changes that affects biodiversity, water and radiation budgets, trace gasolene emissions and other processes that come together to affect climate and biosphere (Riebsame, Meyer, and Turner, 1994).Land cover can be altered by forces other than anthropogenic. Natural events such as weather, flooding, fire, climate fluctuations, and ecosystem dynamics may alike initiate modifications upon land cover. Globally, land cover today is altered principally by direct human use by agriculture and livestock raising, forest reap and management and urban and suburban construction and development. There are excessively incidental impacts on land cover from other human activities such as forest and lakes damaged by ac id rain from fogey fuel combustion and crops near cities damaged by tropospheric ozone resulting from automobile release (Meyer, 1995).Hence, in order to use land optimally, it is not only necessary to suck in the information on existing land use land cover but also the capability to monitor the dynamics of land use resulting out of both changing demands of increasing population and forces of nature acting to shape the landscape.Conventional ground methods of land use mapping are labor intensive, time overwhelming and are done relatively infrequently. These maps soon become outdated with the passage of time, particularly in a rapid changing environment. In fact according to Olorunfemi (1983), monitoring changes and time serial publication analysis is quite difficult with traditional method of surveying. In recent years, satellite remote spying techniques have been developed, which have turn up to be of immense value for preparing finished land use land cover maps and monitorin g changes at regular intervals of time. In case of untouchable region, this technique is perhaps the only method of obtaining the required data on a cost and time effective rear end.A remote spying device records response which is based on many characteristics of the land surface, including natural and artificial cover. An interpreter uses the element of tone, texture, pattern, shape, size, shadow, site and association to derive information about land cover.The generation of remotely sensed data/images by various types of sensor flown aboard different platforms at varying heights above the terrain and at different times of the day and the year does not lead to a simple classification system. It is often believed that no adept classification could be utilize with all types of imagery and all scales. To date, the closely successful attempt in evolution a general purpose classification scheme compatible with remote percept data has been by Anderson et al which is also referre d to as USGS classification scheme. Other classification schemes unattached for use with remotely sensed data are basically modification of the above classification scheme.Ever since the launch of the first remote sensing satellite (Landsat-1) in 1972, land use land cover studies were carried out on different scales for different users. For instance, waste land mapping of India was carried out on 11 million scales by NRSA using 1980 82 landsat multi ghostlike scanner data. About 16.2% of waste lands were estimated based on the study.Xiaomei Y, and Rong Qing L.Q.Y in 1999 noted that information about change is necessary for updating land cover maps and the management of natural resources. The information may be obtained by visiting sites on the ground and or extracting it from remotely sensed data.Change sleuthing is the process of nominateing differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times (Singh, 1989). Change detection is an important pr ocess in monitoring and managing natural resources and urban development because it provides valued analysis of the spatial distribution of the population of interest.Macleod and Congation (1998) list four aspects of change detection which are important when monitoring natural resourcesi. Detecting the changes that have occurredii. Identifying the nature of the changeiii. Measuring the area extent of the changeiv. Assessing the spatial pattern of the changeThe basis of using remote sensing data for change detection is that changes in land cover result in changes in radiance values which can be remotely sensed. Techniques to commit change detection with satellite imagery have become many as a result of increasing versatility in manipulating digital data and increasing computer power.A wide variety of digital change detection techniques have been developed over the last two decades. Singh (1989) and Coppin Bauer (1996) reiterate eleven different change detection algorithms that w ere found to be document in the literature by 1995. These include1. Mono-temporal change delineation.2. Delta or station classification comparisons.3. Multidimensional temporal feature space analysis.4. Composite analysis.5. Image differencing.6. Multitemporal linear data transformation.7. Change vector analysis.8. Image regression.9. Multitemporal biomass index10. Background subtraction.11. Image ratioingIn some instances, land use land cover change may result in environmental, social and economic impacts of greater damage than benefit to the area (Moshen A, 1999). Therefore data on land use change are of great importance to planners in monitoring the consequences of land use change on the area. Such data are of value to resources management and agencies that plan and assess land use patterns and in modeling and predicting time to come changes.Shosheng and Kutiel (1994) investigated the advantages of remote sensing techniques in relation to field surveys in providing a regional d escription of vegetation cover. The results of their research were utilise to produce four vegetation cover maps that provided new information on spatial and temporal distributions of vegetation in this area and allowed regional denary assessment of the vegetation cover.Arvind C. Pandy and M. S. Nathawat (2006) carried out a study on land use land cover mapping of Panchkula, Ambala and Yamunanger districts, Hangana State in India. They detect that the heterogeneous climate and physiographic conditions in these districts has resulted in the development of different land use land cover in these districts, an evaluation by digital analysis of satellite data indicates that studyity of areas in these districts are utilize for agricultural purpose. The hilly regions exhibit fair development of reserved forests. It is inferred that land use land cover pattern in the area are generally controlled by agro climatic conditions, ground water potential and a host of other factors.It has be en noted over time through series of studies that Landsat Thematic schemer is adequate for general extensive synoptic coverage of large areas. As a result, this reduces the need for expensive and time consuming ground surveys conducted for validation of data. Generally, satellite imagery is able to provide more frequent data collection on a regular basis unlike aerial photographs which although may provide more geometrically accurate maps, is limited in respect to its extent of coverage and expensive which means, it is not often used.In 1985, the U.S Geological Survey carried out a research program to produce 1250,000 scale land cover maps for Alaska using Landsat MSS data (Fitz Patrick et al, 1987).The State of Maryland Health Resources Planning Commission also used Landsat TM data to create a land cover data set for inclusion in their Maryland Geographic Information (MAGI) database. All seven TM bands were used to produce a 21 class land cover map (EOSAT 1992). Also, in 1992, t he Georgia segment of Natural Resources completed mapping the entire State of Georgia to identify and quantify wetlands and other land cover types using Landsat Thematic coconspirator data (ERDAS, 1992). The State of southern Carolina Lands Resources Conservation Commission developed a detailed land cover map composed of 19 classes from TM data (EOSAT, 1994). This mapping effort employed multi-temporal imagery as sanitary up as multi-spectral data during classification.An analysis of land use and land cover changes using the combination of MSS Landsat and land use map of Indonesia (Dimyati, 1995) reveals that land use land cover change were evaluated by using remote sensing to calculate the index of changes which was done by the superimposition of land use land cover images of 1972, 1984 and land use maps of 1990. This was done to analyze the pattern of change in the area, which was rather difficult with the traditional method of surveying as noted by Olorunfemi in 1983 when he was using aerial photographic approach to monitor urban land use in developing countries with Ilorin in Nigeria as the case study.Daniel et al, 2002 in their comparison of land use land cover change detection methods, made use of 5 methods viz traditional post classification cross tabulation, cross correlation analysis, spooky networks, knowledge based expert systems, and image segmentation and object orient classification. A combination of direct T1 and T2 change detection as well as post classification analysis was employed. Nine land use land cover classes were selected for analysis. They observed that there are merits to severally of the atomic number 23 methods examined, and that, at the point of their research, no single approach can conclude the land use change detection problem.Also, Adeniyi and Omojola, (1999) in their land use land cover change evaluation in Sokoto Rima Basin of North Western Nigeria based on Archival Remote Sensing and GIS techniques, used aeri al photographs, Landsat MSS, SPOT XS/Panchromatic image Transparency and Topographic map sheets to study changes in the two dams (Sokoto and Guronyo) between 1962 and 1986. The work revealed that land use land cover of both areas was unchanged before the construction enchantment settlement alone covered most part of the area. However, during the post dam era, land use /land cover classes changed but with settlement still remain the largest.CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionThe procedure take in this research work forms the basis for deriving statistics of land use dynamics and subsequently in the overall, the findings.3.2 information Acquired and SourceFor the study, Landsat satellite images of Kwara State were acquired for triplet Epochs 1972, 1986 and 2001. Both 1972 and 1986 were obtained from Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) an Earth cognition Data Interface, while that of 2001 was obtained from National Space Research and Development style in Abuja (NASR DA). 0n both 2001 and 1986 images, a notable feature can be observed which is the Asa dam which was not yet constructed as of 1972.It is also important to state that Ilorin and its environs which were carved out using the local government boundary map and Nigerian Administrative map was also obtained from NASRDA. These were brought to Universal Transverse Marcator projection in zone 31. board 3.1 Data Source3.2.1 Geo-referencing Properties of the ImagesThe geo-referencing properties of both 1986 2001 are the same while image turn was applied to the 1972 imagery which has a resolution of 80m using a factor of two to modify its properties and resolution to conform to the other two has given belowData type rgb8File type binaryColumns 535Rows 552Referencing system utm-31Reference units mUnit distance 1 minute of arcimum X 657046.848948Maximum X 687541.848948Minimum Y 921714.403281Maximum Y 953178.403281Min Value 0Max Value 215Display Minimum 0Display Maximum 215Image change state was carried out through gravel contract generalizes an image by reducing the number of rows and columns while at the same time decreasing the cell resolution. Contraction may take place by pixel press cutting or pixel aggregation with the contracting factors in X and Y being independently defined. With pixel thinning, every nth pixel is kept while the remaining is thrown away.3.3 Software useBasically, five software were used for this project viz(a) ArcView 3.2a this was used for displaying and subsequent processing and enhancement of the image. It was also used for the carving out of Ilorin region from the only Kwara State imagery using both the admin and local government maps.(b) ArcGIS This was also used to compliment the display and processing of the data(c) Idrisi32 This was used for the development of land use land cover classes and subsequently for change detection analysis of the study area.(d) Microsoft word was used basically for the presentation of the research.(e) Mi crosoft go by was used in producing the bar graph.3.4 Development of a Classification synopsisBased on the priori knowledge of the study area for over 20 years and a brief reconnaissance survey with additional information from previous research in the study area, a classification scheme was developed for the study area after Anderson et al (1967). The classification scheme developed gives a rather broad classification where the land use land cover was identified by a single digit.Table 3.2 Land use land cover classification schemeThe classification scheme given in table 3.2 is a modification of Andersons in 1967The definition of waste land as used in this research work denotes land without scrub, sandy areas, dry grasses, rocky areas and other human induced barren lands.3.5 Limitation(s) in the StudyThere was a major limitation as a result of resolution difference. Landsat image of 1972 was acquired with the multi spectral scanner (MSS) which has a spatial resolution of 80 meters , whilst the images of 1986 and 2001 were acquired with Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) respectively. These both have a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Although this limitation was corrected for through image thinning of the 1972, it still prevented its use for intercommunicate into the future so as to have a consistent result. Apart from this, it produced an arbitrary classification of water automobile trunk for the 1972 classification.3.6 Methods of Data AnalysisSix main methods of data analysis were adopted in this study.(i) Calculation of the Area in hectares of the resulting land use/land cover types for individually study year and subsequently comparing the results.(ii) Markov cosmic string and cellular Automata Analysis for predicting change(iii) Overlay Operations(iv) Image thinning(v) Maximum Likelihood Classification(vi) Land Consumption Rate and assiduity CoefficientThe fist three methods above were used for identifying change in the land use typ es. Therefore, they have been combined in this study.The comparison of the land use land cover statistics assisted in identifying the contribution change, trend and rate of change between 1972 and 2001.In achieving this, the first task was to develop a table showing the area in hectares and the percentage change for all(prenominal) year (1972, 1986 and 2001) measured against each land use land cover type. Percentage change to determine the trend of change can then be calculated by dividing observed change by sum of changes multiplied by 100(trend) percentage change = observed change * 100Sum of changeIn obtaining annual rate of change, the percentage change is divided by 100 and multiplied by the number of study year 1972 1986 (14years) 1986 2001 (15years)Going by the second method (Markov train Analysis and Cellular Automata Analysis), Markov Chain Analysis is a convenient tool for modeling land use change when changes and processes in the landscape are difficult to describe. A Markovian process is one in which the future state of a system can be modeled rigorously on the basis of the immediately preceding state. Markovian chain analysis will describe land use change from one period to another and use this as the basis to project future changes. This is achieved by developing a transition probability matrix of land use change from time one to time two, which shows the nature of change while still serving as the basis for projecting to a subsequently time period .The transition probability may be accurate on a per category basis, but there is no knowledge of the spatial distribution of occurrences within each land use category. Hence, Cellular Automata (CA) was used to add spatial character to the model.CA_Markov uses the output from the Markov Chain Analysis particularly Transition Area file to apply a adjacency filter to grow out land use from time two to a later time period. In essence, the CA will develop a spatially explicit weighting more heavily areas that proximate to existing land uses. This will ensure that land use change occurs proximate to existing like land use classes, and not exclusively random.Overlay operations which is the last method of the three, identifies the actual location and magnitude of change although this was limited to the built-up land. Boolean logic was applied to the result through the reclass module of idrisi32 which assisted in mapping out separately areas of change for which magnitude was later calculated for.The Land consumption rate and assiduity coefficient formula are give belowL.C.R = AP A = areal extent of the city in hectaresP = populationL.A.C = A2 A1P2 P1 A1 and A2 are the areal extents (in hectares) for the archaean and later years, and P1 and P2 are population figure for the early and later years respectively (Yeates and Garner, 1976)L.C.R = A measure of compactness which indicates a progressive spatial expansion of a city.L.A.C = A measure of change in consumption of new urban land by each unit increase in urban populationBoth the 2001 and 2015 population figures were estimated from the 1991 and the estimated 2001 population figures of Ilorin respectively using the recommended National Population Commission (NPC) 2.1% growth rate as obtained from the 1963/1991 censuses.The first task to estimating the population figures was to multiply the growth rate by the census figures of Ilorin in both years (1991, 2001) while subsequently dividing same by 100. The result was then multiplied by the number of years being projected for, the result of which was then added to the base year population (1991, 2001). This is represented in the formula belown = r/100 * Po (1)Pn = Po + (n * t) (2)Pn = estimated population (2001, 2015) Po = base year population (1991 2001 population figure)r = growth rate (2.1%) n = annual population growtht = number of years projecting for*The formula given for the population estimate was developed by the investigatorIn evaluating the socio economic implications of change, the effect of observed changes in the land use and land cover between 1972 and 2001 were used as major criteria.CHAPTER fourDATA ANALYSIS4.0 IntroductionThe objective of this study forms the basis of all the analysis carried out in this chapter. The results are presented inform of maps, charts and statistical tables. They include the static, change and projected land use land cover of each class.4.1 Land Use Land Cover DistributionThe static land use land cover distribution for each study year as derived from the maps are presented in the table belowLANDUSE/LAND silver screenCATEGORIES197219862001AREA(Ha.)AREA(%)

Developing Smoking Interventions in Nursing

Developing take Interventions in NursingHannah Burrell-Davisregulatory and legal documents atomic number 18 ingrained for appropriate breast feeding pr actuateice and specifys the sort nurses work on a daily basis. The Nursing council of unsanded Zealands cypher of manoeuvre and the re nateste a little-free environments act 1990 are lawsuits of these, having huge alludes on the way nurses practice today. It is important to reflect on how these whitethorn bias the nursing practice in New Zealand.The Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 was open up to economic aid in the nurseion of those individuals who do not want to smoke or be around second overtake smoke in order to prevent whatever detrimental effects to their wellness. The smoke-free environments act solidifies this by ensuring that those that do smoke do not inflict whatever health implications on those who do not smoke themselves, this is ensured by decrease the amount of tobacco substances exposed to non-smok ers, and adequate regulation and control of the trade and advertising and promotion of tobacco products. This discount be successfully achieved through and through and through the sponsoring of other products, events or services and/or directly. Another purpose of the smoke-free environments act is to ensure that the presence of subtle constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke is monitored and regulated. Finally, a health sponsorship council needs to be established, which go away aid in promoting health and encourage healthy lifestyles (Smoke-free Environments Act, 1990). The smoke-free environments act is low into 2 parts to aid the amount of tobacco rehearse and its subtle effects, these parts include having smoke-free workplaces and public areas, and control of take products. These deuce parts are centred on the protection of individuals health and reducing the amount of youth that is impacted by second hand smoke.The Nursing Council New Zealand (NCNZ) holds the responsibility for the registration of nurses it acts by protecting the pencil eraser and health of the community and public by ensuring that nurses are competent and drop dead to practice. The NCNZ has many methods and rules set in place to maintain this and fulfil this function, 1 of these being the NCNZ Code of Conduct. The Code of Conduct should be used by nurses to uphold appropriate behaviour, not only in the professional role, exclusively must also prevent to ease up a high monetary standard of behaviour in their personal lives. This is primarily because nurses must gain the trustfulness of the public. The Code of Conduct has a set of values and principles that are inborn for nurses to understand, they also aid in the understanding of professional practice and arouse be applied in association with the Smoke-Free Environments act. The values in the NCNZ Code of Conduct include respect, trust, partnership and integrity. Respect is a major(ip) value that should be in t ruth apparent in nursing practice, as the code of conduct suggests, treating others with respect means behaving towards individuals with worth and respect for their health and wellbeing (NCNZ, 2012), this is essential for a nurse to understand. Not only is it essential for the nurse to understand during nursing practice, it is important to understand in personal life situations, in regards to smoking a smoker must switch respect for those who do not smoke or wish to be around second hand smoke, this includes the health professionals that do smoke.Encouraging the decreased use of tobacco is a skill that can be very effective in the nursing practice, with smoking cessation however entertain from the nurse is very important. A pine with trust, respect, integrity and partnership, as the code of conduct implements, support is another very powerful intervention that must be applied in nursing practice, in particular when it comes to successful smoking cessation. Nicotine addiction will be a major contributor to almost of the withdrawal symptoms, these can be hard to deal with and fear of the extraterrestrial is paramount, hence the importance for support. At this stage a referral to nicotine patches, lozenges and gum will assistant the withdrawal symptoms. Support can include providing reassurance to the patient, reinstating that there is help available and reminding them that this is the first step of treatment to benefit the health of them and their family/whanau skirt them. It is also important that the nurse considers the age, gender, disabilities/disorders and ethnic group of the individual attempting to quit smoking. Here the nurse would implement the values and principles in the code of conduct, doing so by ensuring that their practice is culturally safe. The code of conducts principle, partnership, can be utilized at this stage as nurses must also work aboard patients during the smoking cessation process, it is important that patients are given adeq uate selective information about quitting in a manner that they can understand in order to make an informed choice about their parcel out and treatment(NCNZ, 2012).This can be applied to nursing situations, as the act outlines that smoking in workplaces is prohibited, this includes health attention settings, such(prenominal) as hospitals, community health services, hospices, dental consonant surgeries, aged care services etc. However although smoking in workplaces is prohibited, as stated in the smoke-free environments act (Smoke-free Environments Act, 1990), pack, including health professionals continue to smoke in such areas. The Waikato Times author Maryanne Twentyman documented an obligate in which the Te Aroha District Community Hospital was scrutinised for such anti smoke-free behaviour. Te Aroha 69 year old man was a patient when he spent two days at Te Aroha District Community Hospital, and although he could not fault the nursing care he sure, he was shocked and disg usted with the lack of smoke-free policies on the hospital grounds. He states I was appalled to see the staff whiff up a storm cheeseparing to the hospital entranceways (Twentyman, 2012). permit close to the entranceways can be harmful to the patients, people can walk through the smoke and the smoke can waft into the rooms, putting the patients at run a insecurity, which is an example of nurses not following through on the NCNZ Code of Conducts values and principles and the smoke-free environments act by not having the patients health at best interest. To prevent this from occurring the act states that there must be apply smoking rooms in hospital care institutions and these must be equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. Appropriate and acceptable nursing practice must always be aware of the impacts they or others have on a patients health.Another key necessity of the smoke-free environments act is to prevent young people from being checkd by seeing other people smo ke, particularly in homes and schools. (Smoke-free Environments Act, 1990). This can strongly be impacted by nursing practice, in particular by community nurses. Rowa-Dewar and Ritchie (2014), suggest that children are particularly sensitive to second-hand smoke (SHS) and the risk associated with it, due to their faster breathing rate, they inhale more pollutants per their weight than adults. What virtually parents may not be aware of is that SHS lingers in the air long after the cigarette has been extinguished, and children will still be exposed to the risk it entails. Community nurses are uniquely placed to intervene in such health behaviours in the home setting. Community nurses can use such useful strategies as to educate and build upon the importance of parental desires to protect their children. It is hopeful that this desire will emphasize the interdependence of their health behaviours and how this may impact their childs health. According to Rowa-Dewar and Ritchie (2014) m ost parents are shocked by the levels of SHS in their own homes and want to protect their children. Although the smoke-free environments act has no influence over the smoking environment of the home, it certainly stretches to the alternative young peoples environments, such as schools, early childhood education and care centres. According to the act no persons are to smoke in any parts of these premises at any time of any day, including the entrances.Smoking cessation is without a doubt a major factor that nurses can have a strong influence over, not only does it discover the health of themselves and their surrounding family/whanau, it can have a huge impact on disabilities, illnesses and even such injuries as bone erupts. When a stop occurs, it is vital that the healing process begins as soon as accomplishable this is because delayed fracture healing can have a material effect on a patients wellbeing. However such factors that could result in a potential delay includes smoking . All the elements that are in cigarette smoke are associated with the impairment of fracture healing, as a combination they inhibit the conditions required for a timely fracture healing, with nicotine being recognised as a risk factor for trim bone density. (Miller, 2014). The smoke-free environments act has a purpose to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco use on people, nurses have the power to influence smoking habits and the continuance and encouragement of smoking cessation should be present.Smoking is implicated in numerous detrimental health impacts and many illnesses and disabilities. Nurses have a major role in aiding in the decreased use of tobacco smoking and therefor an increase in health worldwide. such(prenominal) pieces of legislation as the Smoke-free Environments Act and the New Zealand Nursing councils code of conduct, continue to develop and impact on the nursing care that is received today, encouraging nurses to offer their best nursing practice to decrease s olid health complications.ReferencesMiller, S. (2014). How Smoking can Hinder Fracture Healing. Journal of urgency Nursing,22(4), 28-30.Rowa-Dewar, N., Ritchie, D. ( 2014). Protecting Children from Smoking in the Home An Ethics of Care Perspective. British Journal of Community Nursing, 19(5), 214-218.Smoke-Free Environments Act, No. 108. (1990). Retrieved from http//www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0108/ latest/DLM223191.htmlThe Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2012). Code of Conduct for Nurses. Wellington, New Zealand Nursing Council of New Zealand.Twentyman, M. (2012, January 25). Smoking near hospital doors disgust patient. Waikato Times, p.24.

Our Church Choir :: Personal Narrative Essays

Our Church Choir   demise year our church chorus was preparing for its twenty-seventh spring concert, and I was in charge. No, I was not president of the church choir, I was the euphonyians representative I had not an inkling what that meant, exclusively, sure enough, my ignorance would not linger. I was to be in charge of organizing all things musical, from equipment to musicians.   The musicians seemed almost ready. The choir still had three songs to watch, but with rehearsals every iniquity and impromptu performances in the dining halls, on the chick buses I felt generally confident. As a rule, when you are place on a performance and feel generally confident wizard week before show time, begin panicking.   The first disaster in love close to home our drummers grandmother passed away.  Apart from the tremendous blow this disaster dealt both him and the choir, we needed to find another drummer. Then, like an ominous slinky, the catch ones breath of my care fully laid plans fell one on top of the other.   Our directors took ill. The music was taking too long to teach. Our pianist, gone. Our strongest sopranos voice, history. And I broke a recondite string. I could do nothing but laugh . . . and cry. I managed to do that quite a bit.   provided just when Murphys Law seemed martially imposed, things got miraculous. The night before the concert, an old church choir drummer stopped by to learn all two hours of the music. The choir learned the rest of the music that same(p) evening and, when we finished, the room glowed with harmony. We were rough, but overall, the evening returned my general sense of confidence. (See to a higher place rule.)   When I arrived the next evening, a troubling sight greeted me a drag with none of the sound equipment I had ordered. We had no microphones. We had no speakers. I had already lost my wits by this point, and now I was inches from losing hope. A chemical group assembled to see what coul d be salvaged from the situation and was mildly successful. But with all these distractions, the choir could not possibly be . . .   Brilliant  The choir was brilliant.  I digest never been part of such a beautiful musical experience. But what is the point of this story?   This story explains how our church choir operates by approval of God and family.

goals :: essays research papers

Aspiring to AchieveI securely believe that if one plans on achieving his aspirations, setting inclinations is a very of the essence(predicate) step. Having goals not only bursts you a clear focus on things, it in addition helps you to organize your plans by allowing you to give yourself time limits and boundaries. That is why I find out to set goals for myself routinely, whether it is just for one day, or for the rest of my life. One goal that I work hard at daily is to try to do well in high school. I try to involve myself in any activity that I can, both academically and socially, so that I can graduate with honors. The reason why I do this is because I plan on going to college, and I would like to be able to get accepted into any school that I apply to. tone ending to college alone would be a major achievement for my family and I, because I allow be the first person in my family to attend college. Immediately later I graduate, I want to start my career as patrol polic e detective/detective.By age 25, after gaining some experience as a policewoman, I would like to make a career fault to become an FBI agent. This is because being an FBI agent has been a dream of mine since I was a child, and to be good at what I do, I impoverishment some familiarity in that line of work, among other things. After becoming colonised into my second career, I would like to begin a family. By this time, I plan on already being married to my current boyfriend, and preparing to confine another child. I leave also be ready to deprave my first car, and then, my first home. My intentions are to live in Philadelphia, in a beautiful four bedroom house in the suburbs.Before I turn fifty, one of my major goals is to own a private investigator business, as well as a computer store with my husband. My children exit be put through college and out of my house, and my husband and I will be on our way to retirement, after we sell our businesses. By then, I plan on being very w ell off, if not rich. all way, I will be able to donate money and give back to my community what they have given to me.

Abortion Report Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion ReportI keep chosen for my topic Abortion. I think that it is a topic that is truly important in todays society however it is often dodged or avoided. opposite Presidents say contrasting things and feel different stances about it,and often it is had to make love what to think about it. Basically there are twodifferent ways of looking at it Pro-Choice, which takes the stance of sayingthat it is the womans choice if she wants to have an abortion and that it isonly her business. So basically they want it to remain well-grounded. thence there isthe other stance of Pro-Life which says that it should not remain profound and thatit is just about as bad as cold-blooded murder. I happen to agree with this.This is what I will be focusing on for the rest of my report.I will first talk about Pro-Choice. finished the years this hasobviously been the thinking of our nation because abortion remains legal (BillClinton is Pro-Choice). This is also the thinking of many womans fullsmo vements and organizations. From reading a paper on Pro-Choice it states asits heading that abortion should be a womans by rights to choose what she does withher body, and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. This rightis guaranteed by the ninth amendment, which contains the right to privacy. Thisbrings up a very provoke point, which is that the ninth amendment is astrong argument in the fight for Pro-Choice. It states that ...

The Corrruption Of Innocence :: essays research papers

The Corruption of naturalnessIt has struck some leaving a lasting impact mend others just let it go by. Some would earn it as corruption, and others see casual life. I see it as the pure loss of purity in a world of corruption. This new issue has risen in todays generation leaving no one free of it wrath. This has not been the maiden we have seen of this. The loss of innocence has been referred to over years by many authors, but now we come to see it in our lives a rope more frequently. According to authors like Emerson and Salinger, who although wrote their pieces so far apart, feel everyday in life the American Character is faced upon with the corruption of innocence that delivers away from their unique American Character. In his defy, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger focuses on the theme of innocence for a large amount of time. Holden constantly refers to everyone as being a phony and that they had lost their innocence, which had been corrupted when they matured an d were exposed to society. The society had exposed them to the real world and made them think in order to survive they must follow others. Holden goes in part of the book about jobs he likes and starts to describe job of a lawyer and says how they ar sincere and try to save innocent lives, but then he goes on to think about how they are probably phonies and only doing it to be hot-shots and makes lots of money to impress society. (Salinger 172) The outcome of his thoughts was that everybody had conformed and followed each societys ideas, which upset Holden because no one was free of corruption accept the children of society, like Ally. Holden sees it as a major issue in the book and serves as a major role of Holdens throughout the book. The issue even leads to the title of the book in the sense that it is named after his supposed job he wishes to under take as a Catcher in the Rye. He wants to be a catcher in a field of rye and little children who catches children from travel of f the cliff and being corrupted by society. (Salinger 173) Therefore, in point the theme of innocence has a significant role in this book. other author who also uses the role of innocence and corruption as a major theme is Ralph Waldo Emerson in his essay Self-Reliance.

Ethics of Governments Stance of Homosexuality Essay -- essays researc

Homointimateity, when defined by a dictionary, reads as a sexual desire or behavior directed toward a individual or persons of ones bear sex . While its opposite, heterosexuality, is described as a sexual feeling or behavior directed toward a person or persons of the opposite sex . Homosexuality can be traced back to the earlier pieces of recorded history, although its definitive origin is unknown, many scientists believe that homosexuality exists in nature, although this is subject to interpretation (Homosexuality Wikipedia). Throughout its existence, this lifestyle, or as several(prenominal) call, choice has been subject to overly harsh scrutiny from both the law-makers and culture. Why should it, that a nation which is founded on principles of freedom, not allow their own citizens to be able practice homosexuality free from societal and organisation persecution and discrimination?The foundation of the American government is known as the constitution, this instrument is w hat all freedoms given to the citizens of the United States receive, along with passages on government. It states...

Non-Religious Celebrations Of Easter Should Be Done Away With Essay

NON-RELIGOUS CELEBRATIONS OF EASTER SHOULD BE through with(p) AWAY WITH urinate you ever sat adventure and thought roughly the different traditions that we keep an eye on in America as well as each somewhat the world? Some of these traditions may include holidays, clean events, and weddings. We celebrate definite traditions for religious causations, for memorial reasons, and just for the fact that what we ar celebrating is a tradition, and we wish to keep it that way. But some of the traditions that date back thousands of years nurse been altered from their original meaning. easter is a thoroughgoing(a) example of ane of the traditions that has been altered to better suit our modern times. Originally, easterly was the celebration of the revolt of Jesus soul from the cross, on which he died, into Heaven. directly we have celebrations during east wind that include such things as a big bunny, hard-boiled eggs that are dyed various pastel colors, and baskets, all of w hich have no religious significance. I think that the non-religious celebrations of easter should be done international with.To begin with, the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with because they serve no relevance toward the original purpose of the tradition. Dyed eggs, bunnies, baskets, and so on do not provide us with any reason to have a celebration. Today we celebrate Easter by reflexion that there is an Easter bunny that will bring boys and girls candy and gifts as long a... Non-Religious Celebrations Of Easter Should Be Done Away With Essay NON-RELIGOUS CELEBRATIONS OF EASTER SHOULD BE DONE AWAY WITHHave you ever sat back and thought about the different traditions that we celebrate in America as well as all around the world? Some of these traditions may include holidays, sporting events, and weddings. We celebrate certain traditions for religious reasons, for memorial reasons, and just for the fact that what we are celebrating is a tr adition, and we wish to keep it that way. But some of the traditions that date back thousands of years have been altered from their original meaning. Easter is a perfect example of one of the traditions that has been altered to better suit our modern times. Originally, Easter was the celebration of the ascension of Jesus soul from the cross, on which he died, into Heaven. Today we have celebrations during Easter that include such things as a life-sized bunny, hard-boiled eggs that are dyed various pastel colors, and baskets, all of which have no religious significance. I think that the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with.To begin with, the non-religious celebrations of Easter should be done away with because they serve no relevance toward the original purpose of the tradition. Dyed eggs, bunnies, baskets, and so on do not provide us with any reason to have a celebration. Today we celebrate Easter by saying that there is an Easter bunny that will bring boys and girls candy and gifts as long a...

Boston Ballet Refuses to Fall :: Dance Dancing Papers

capital of Massachusetts concert dance Refuses to FallWhat happens when a concert dance companys classic Christmas tradition is unwrapped, discarded, and replaced with a glitzy and glamorous paying(a) expenditure? Many dance enthusiasts are left with this lingering doubt as The capital of Massachusetts ballet struggles with a recent announcement from the Wang field of force, its lifelong performance home, that next years production of the Nutcracker is creation replaced by a touring show of the infamous Radio City Rockettes. Im evenhandedly certain this decision was driven by money, which draws the question in everyones minds Which is more than important, tradition or money? said Andrew Kaminski.Kaminski is a Boston Ballet II member and performs in the corp de ballet with the company. He joined this apprentice position in August of 2003 and thinks Mikko Nissinen, the Boston Ballets new artistic director, is doing great things for the company. I really resembling the direction we are headed in but unfortunately Mikko has been dealt some unsportsmanlike dealings. I am just grateful the company has been so lax with us about everything, Kaminski said.According to Kaminski, the company was certified of what was happening with the Wang Theatre at the end of October. During this time, a company meeting was held and a Boston Ballet Memo was distributed to the dancers from Valerie Wilder, the Executive Director of the Boston Ballet.Basically the Wang informed us they had signed a note of intent with Radio City. We were presently notified after this. We were told the Wang wanted to bring in the Rockettes for monetary reasons. Touring companies are more profitable. The Wang can charge them more plus the tickets are more expensive, Kaminski said.The memoranda to the company included general facts about the Nutcrackers latest situation and its history. It also had a section titled, Further Talking Points, which evince the companys opinions on the situation.In c hoosing to align itself with a touring production, the Wang centralize is undermining a 35- year-old tradition and the work of a resident ensemble with year- circular presence in the community. The Wang has thus placed commercial interests over pagan purpose, which is inconsistent with its mission as a not-for-profit, the memo stated.The Boston Ballet Company is a non-profit organization, which hosts a dance school that trains young children by adults and a renowned ballet company that has artistically entertained the city since 1965. On their IRS form 990 filing, the company stated their objectives for the fiscal year commence November 1, 2003.

Why Is Religion Important? Essay -- Why Study Religion?

Just as a compact disk cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual sprightliness.-- BuddhaSo I say to you, Ask and it will be given to you search, and you will set about knock, and the door will be opened for you.--Jesus ChristWhether you consider yourself a religious person or not, or whether you think religion has compete a positive or negative role in history, it is an positive(p) fact that from the beginning of time, humans energize engaged in activities that we promptly call religion, such as worship, prayer, and rituals marking important life passages. Moreover, religions boast always asked fundamental questions, such as What is the true meaning of life? What happens to us after death? How do we explain human deplorable and injustices?The answers different religious traditions give to these important questions are many and alter and often contradictory. But the questions themselves are ones with which humans throughout time have grappled, and probably will continue to grapple with into the indefinite future. Thus, one of the front reasons to study religion is sim...

Deceitful Clytemnestra of Euripides Electra Essay -- Euripides Electr

Deceitful Clytemnestra of Euripides ElectraAgamemnon returns from Troy, a victorious general, bringing home spoils, riches and fame. He is murdered on the same day as he returns. Clytemnestra, his extramarital wife, has laid in wait for her husbands homecoming and kills him whilst he is being bathed subsequently his long journey. During the Agamemnon, large proportions of the Queens words are justifications for her body process, which is very much befool-to doe with with the consecrate of Iphigenia to the gods, in order for the fleet to set sail for Troy. Aegisthus, the unused husband of the Queen Clytemnestra, and partner in the conspiracy to murder the fight hero, had reasons, which stemmed from the dispute between the Houses of Atreus and Thyestes. Was the murder justified retribution for a callous and dispassionate murder of an desolate girl, as well as the fate demanded by the family curse? Or was the death of Agamemnon an unjust action by the traitorous woman Clytemnes tra and her lover carried out in aspirations of his wealth and power? If we take the former of the arguments as the correct one, then the sacrifice of Iphigenia must be considered. For this, the only sources we have are those of the Chorus songs and the highly slanting accounts by Clytemnestra, who has been left to stew on her hatred for over ten dollar bill years. The account given by the Chorus is full of pathos and compassionate gentle curving lips...gag her hard...her glance...wounding every murderer (235-239). They remember with sorrow, a flashback to her innocent life, and recount how she once sang to Saving Zeus - transfixed with rejoicing 245. Emphasis is very much on the purity of the girl and how she did non deserve to die. However, no reference is made by the Chorus that it was Agamemnons... ...ght have been a sponge. It is ironic I suppose that Agamemnon, lord of men was brought obliterate by the one thing that neither of the two sons of Atreus were able to figur e - Women. Works Cited Adkins, A.W.H., Merit and Responsibility. A Study in Greek Values, capital of the United Kingdom Oxford University Press, 1960. Euripides. Electra. Trans. Philip Vellacott. Medea and Other Plays. Baltimore Penguin Classics, 1963. 105-152, 201-204. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy. Trans. Clifton Fadiman. New York Dover Publications, 1995. Perseus Encyclopedia. Revised 1999. Tufts University. <www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia? intro=Euripides>. Powell, Anton, ed. Euripides, Women, and Sexuality. New York Routledge, 1990. March, Jennifer. Euripides the Mysogynist? Euripides, Women, and Sexuality. Ed. Anton Powell. New York Routledge, 1990.